were fitted with 24s ; of which she mounted 62 on her two principal decks, along with eighteen 9-pounders on her quarterdeck and forecastle.*

The carronades of such ships as mounted any appear, with two exceptions, to have been of no higher caliber than 18-pounders. The names of the Alfred and Ramillies occur in the list we referred to at a former page ; † the one with four, the other with eight (two on the forecastle) 12-pounder carronades. The only ships in Lord Howe's fleet that appear, besides, to have mounted any carronades, are the Leviathan and Marlborough, and those carronades, two on board of each, were 68-pounders. Some of the ships, and among them the Cæsar, had no poop-bulwark: others were ordered poop-carronades on a subsequent day ; which shows that, at this time, they had none. In order to make ample allowance for any ships that may have procured carronades without a special order (and no general order, as a peremptory one, then existed), we shall consider ten ships as having mounted six 18-pounder carronades each ; making, with the Leviathan and Marlborough's four 68-pounders, 64 carronades for the whole British fleet.

As to the complements, although a slight reduction in the crews of British ships of war appears to have been ordered since the preceding April, and although there was notoriously, at this period, a scarcity of seamen in the British navy, we shall, meaning to make a corresponding allowance on the other side, assign to Lord Howe's ships the establishment ordered for each class at the commencement of the year 1793 ; ‡ deducting, of course, the widow's men, and adding to the crews of several of the flagships the customary supernumeraries, namely, 50 men for the commander-in-chief ; 25 for each of the two other full admirals, and 15 for every one of the four rear-admirals. This will make the aggregate complements of the British fleet amount to 17,241 men and boys. With respect to the size of the ships, having before us the registered tonnage of every one of them, we can, without any difficulty, state the aggregate amount.

Nor will there be so much difficulty in getting at the armament of the French ships, as may at first sight appear. Of the many French line-of-battle ships captured by the British, none have been found to mount fewer, although some have occasionally more, long guns, than the number established upon their particular class by the ordinance of 1786 ; and which, with the